Polynesian tattooing is an ancient tradition deeply rooted in the history and culture of the Pacific Islands. However, Maori tattooing and Polynesian tattooing should not be confused. Maori tattooing, unique to New Zealand, uses unique designs and techniques, such as moko, which involves carving the skin with deep incisions. Polynesian tattooing, which encompasses cultures such as Tahiti, Hawaii, the Marquesas, and Samoa, has its own distinct symbols and meanings. Let’s explore 15 categories of Polynesian tattoo symbols, each steeped in history, myth, and spiritual meaning.
1. Shark Teeth
Shark teeth, or "niho man," symbolize strength, safety, and adaptation. Polynesians have always lived in harmony with the ocean, and the shark is a symbol of courage and protection. In Polynesian legends, the shark is sometimes considered a guardian of souls, which adds a mystical touch to this symbol.
2. Turtle
The turtle, or "honu", is an important symbol of longevity, wisdom and protection. It represents the connection between the sea and the land, a spiritual guide. Polynesian legends speak of turtles as guardians of the oceans, able to navigate between the worlds of the living and the dead .
3. Lizard (Gecko)
The lizard, often called a "gecko", is a divine symbol for Polynesians. It represents good luck, protection and spiritual connection with the gods. In Maori culture, the lizard can also symbolize bad omens, but it is often considered a guardian against evil spirits .
4. Spearheads
Spearheads represent combativeness, warrior strength, and masculinity. They evoke ancient Polynesian warriors and their bravery in battle. This symbol is often used to embody courage and determination.
5. Enata
The Enata represents human figures, men and women, but also gods. This symbol can be used to tell stories, illustrate life stages such as marriages, births, or indicate the social status of the tattooed person. The inverted Enata can symbolize enemies or opposing forces.
6. Marquise Cross
The marquise cross is a symbol of harmony and peace, different from the Christian cross. It represents the connection between the elements and spiritual balance. In some legends, it is associated with ancient rituals of peace and reconciliation.
7. Sun
The sun is a powerful symbol in Polynesian culture. It embodies life, fertility, and eternity. In many Polynesian cultures, the sun is revered as a god, a symbol of wealth and positivity. Sun tattoos often represent energy and vitality.
8. Crab
The crab symbolizes the expression of deep emotions. In Polynesian mythology, the crab carries the memory of souls who have left the earthly world, as it lives in the depths of the ocean and emerges to reveal its secrets. This symbol is associated with resilience and inner strength.
9. Manta Ray
The manta ray represents freedom, quiet strength and humility. It symbolizes power hidden under a calm and peaceful appearance. Legends speak of the manta ray as a guide for those seeking inner peace and wisdom.
10. Dolphin
The dolphin embodies joy, friendship and protection. In Polynesian culture, the dolphin is a symbol of luck and compassion. It is often associated with marine legends that evoke encounters between gods and humans.
11. Fish
Fish symbolizes abundance and wealth, as it was the main source of food for the Polynesians. In legends, fish is also a symbol of travel and exploration, representing the long navigations of the Polynesian peoples across the Pacific.
12. Centipede
The centipede is a symbol of aggression and combat. In Polynesian cultures, it can also represent the gods, symbolizing power and courage. This symbol recalls the challenges and struggles that ancient warriors faced.
13. Tiki
The tiki represents protection, strength and spirituality. This ancient symbol is often used to honor ancestors and protective gods. Legends speak of tikis as guardians of the land and the spirits of ancestors.
14. Arrows
Arrows symbolize the warrior and represent strength and courage. They can also indicate direction, symbolizing the inner or outer journey. Arrows are reminiscent of ancient Polynesian warriors and their quest for honor and bravery.
15. Ocean
The ocean is a major symbol in Polynesian culture, representing life, fertility, and the afterlife. Ocean tattoos symbolize the connection between land and sea, the place where souls return after life on earth. Polynesian legends often refer to the ocean as the starting point of all things and the place where ancient wisdom resides.
These symbols tell stories of courage, bravery, spirituality, and connection with nature. Each has a unique meaning that resonates with deep aspects of Polynesian culture. If you’re considering a Polynesian tattoo, take the time to understand the meaning of the symbols and their cultural context, so you can choose a design that reflects your own history and values.
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